一、电化学体系
1.Primary battery：原电池
电化学中两电极与外电路中的负载接通后自发地将电流送到外电路做功的装置。
A device that spontaneously sends an electric current to an external circuit load connected with two electrodes and the external circuit.
2.Positive electrode/Cathode：正极/阴极
电势高发生还原作用的电极。
The electrode that occurs reduction reaction with higher voltage.
3.Negative electrode/Anode：负极/阳极
电势低发生氧化作用的一端电极
The electrode that occurs oxidation reaction with lower voltage.
4.Electrode：电极
与电解质溶液或电解质接触的电子导体或半导体。
The electronic conductor or semiconductor in contact with an electrolyte solution or electrolyte.
5.Reference electrode：参比电极
指一个已知电势、接近于理想不极化的电极，参比电极上基本没有电流通过，用于测定工作电极相对于参比电极的电极电势。
An electrode close to the ideal non-polarization with a known potential and no current, which is used to test voltage of woork electrdod.
6.Counter electrode：对电极（辅助电极）
与工作电极组成回路，使研究电极有电流通过，以保证所研究的反应在工作电极上发生的电极。
A circuit is formed with a working electrode to enable the current passing research electrode,ensuring that the studied reaction occurs on the working electrode.
7.Work electrode：工作电极
被研究其表面/内部所发生的电化学反应过程的电极。
Electrodes that are studied for electrochemical reactions occurring on their surfaces/interiors.
8.Modified electrodee：修饰电极
对电极的表面进行修饰和功能化改性，赋予电极特定的化学和电化学性质， 从而改善电极。
The surface of the electrode was modified and functionalized to give the electrode specific chemical and electrochemical properties, so as to improve the electrode.
9.Accumulator：蓄电池（二次电池）
充电后可以复原，能多次充放电，循环利用的电池。
A battery that can be recharged, recharged and discharged multiple times, and recycled.
10.Reserve battery：贮备电池
在贮存期内电极活性物质和电解质不接触，或电解质处于固态，能贮存几年或几十年，使用时借助动力源或水作用域电解质使电池激活。
During the storage period, the electrode active substance is not in contact with the electrolyte, or the electrolyte is in solid state, which can be stored for several years or decades. When used, the battery is activated by the power source or the water domain electrolyte.
11.Separator：隔膜
隔膜在电池中被用来将电池的正、负级板分隔开来，防止两极接触造成短路，且能使电解质中的离子通过。
Diaphragms are used in batteries to separate the positive and negative stages of the battery, preventing short circuits caused by contact between the two poles, and allowing ions in the electrolyte to pass through.
12.Electrolyte：电解液
电解液是化学电池、电解电容等使用的介质，为他们的正常工作提供离子，并保证工作中发生的化学反应是可逆的。
Electrolyte is the medium used by chemical batteries, electrolytic capacitors, etc., it can provide ions for their normal operation and to ensure the chemical reactions occurring during their operation are reversible.
13.Electrolytic cell：电解池
能与外电源组成回路，强迫电流在电化学体系中通过并促使电化学反应发生的装置。
A electrochemical device that can form a circuit with an external power supply to force the current passing through the electrochemical system and cause an electrochemical reaction to occur.
14.Ion-exchange membrane：离子交换膜
一种含离子基团的、对溶液里的离子具有选择透过能力的高分子膜。
It is a polymer membrane containing ionic groups that has the ability to select the ions in the solution.
15.Solid Electrolyte Interphase：固体电解质界面膜
电池首次充放电过程中，电极材料和电解液在固液相界面上发生反应，形成的一层覆盖在材料表面的钝化层。该界面层是电子绝缘体但是是锂离子的优良导体。
During the initial charge and discharge process of the battery, the electrode material and electrolyte react at the solid-liquid interface, forming a passivation layer covering the material surface. The interface layer is an electronic insulator but a good conductor of lithium ions.
16.Standard electrode potential：标准电极电位
可逆电极在标准状态及平衡态时的电势，也就是标准态时的电极电。
The potential of a reversible electrode in the standard state and equilibrium state, which is the electrode in the standard state.
17.Standard hydrogen electrode：标准氢电极
铂电极在氢离子活度为1 M的理想溶液中，并与100 kPa压力下的氢气平衡共存时所构成的电极。
Platinum electrode in ideal solution with 1 M hydrogen ion activity and coexist with hydrogen equilibrium at 100 kPa pressure.
18.Solid-state electrolyte：固态电解质
具有离子导电性的晶态或非晶态固态物质。
Crystalline or amorphous solid electrolyte with ion conductivity.
19.Double layer：双电层
在电极/溶液界面上带电荷物质定向排布在界面两侧的现象。
Phenomena in which charged substances are positively arranged on either side of the interface at the electrode/solution interface.
20.Standard electrode potential：标准电极电势
可逆电极在标准状态及平衡态时的电势，也就是标准态时的电极电。
The potential of a reversible electrode in the standard state and equilibrium state, which is the electrode in the standard state.
21.Polarization resistance：极化电阻
极化电阻是指在电化学反应中由于电极极化现象而引起的电极表面的电阻。
Polarization resistance refers to the resistance of the electrode surface caused by the polarization of the electrode in the electrochemical reaction.
22.Electronic conductor：电子导体
荷电粒子是电子或电子空穴，既包括普通金属导体也包括半导体。
Charged particles are electrons or electron holes and include both ordinary metal conductors and semiconductors.
23.Ionic conductor：离子导体
荷电粒子是离子，例如电解质溶液、熔融的金属盐、粒子液体。
Charged particles are ions, such as electrolyte solutions, molten metal salts, and particle liquids.
24.Electrode system：电极系统
如果系统由两个相组成，一个相是电子导体，叫做电子导体相，另一个相是离子导体，叫离子导体相，且有电荷通过它们相互接触的界面，即有电荷在两个相之间转移，这个系统就叫电极系统。
If the system consists of two phases, one phase is an electronic conductor, called the electron conductor phase, and the other phase is an ionic conductor, called the ionic conductor phase, and there are charges through the interface where they contact each other, that is, there are charges transferred between the two phases, the system is called the electrode system.
电化学反应
25.Electrochemical reaction speed：电化学反应速度
单位时间内，单位面积的电极上，反应进度的改变量。
Change in reaction progress per unit time, per unit area of electrode.
26.Liquid transfer procedure：液相传质步骤
反应物从溶液本体相传递到电极表面附近的迁移过程
The transfer of the reactant from the bulk phase of the solution to the surface of the electrode.
27.Preceding reaction：前置转化
反应粒子在电极表面及其附近液层中进行电化学反应前的某种转化过程。
The process by which a reaction particle is transformed before an electrochemical reaction is carried out on the surface of an electrode and in a liquid layer near it.
28.Electron transfer：电子转移步骤
反应粒子在电极/溶液界面上得到或失去电子，生成还原反应或氧化反应产物的过程。
The process by which a reaction particle is transformed before an electrochemical reaction is carried out on the surface of an electrode and in a liquid layer near it.
29.Following reaction：随后转化
反应产物在电极表面或表面附近液层中进行电化学反应后的转化过程。
The process by which the reaction product is transformed after electrochemical reaction on or near the surface of the electrode.
30.Electrochemical polarization：电化学极化
有电流通过时，由于电化学反应进行的迟缓性造成电极带电程度与可逆情况时不同，导致电极电势偏离的现象。
Due to the slowness of the electrochemical reaction, the electrode charging degree is different from that in the reversible case when the current passes through, leading to the phenomenon of electrode potential deviation.
31.Concentration polarization：浓差极化
电池充放电过程中，电池内部出现明显的浓度差异而导致电极电位偏离平衡电位的现象。
In the process of battery charging and discharging, the electrode potential deviates from the equilibrium potential due to obvious concentration difference inside the battery.
32.Battery internal resistance：电池内阻
电池内阻是指欧姆电阻和极化电阻之和。
The internal resistance of a battery is the sum of ohm resistance and polarization resistance.
33.Polarization internal resistance：极化内阻
极化内阻是发生电化学反应时由极化引起的电阻，包括电化学极化和浓差极化等引起的电阻。
Polarization internal resistance refers to the resistance caused by polarization during electrochemical reactions, including resistance caused by electrochemical polarization and concentration polarization.
34.Ohmic polarization：欧姆极化
欧姆极化是由于电解质和电极之间的电阻而引起的极化。当电解质的电阻较大时，电流通过电解质时会产生较大的电压降，导致电极电位的偏移和电流的降低。
Ohmic polarization is the polarization caused by the resistance between the electrolyte and the electrode. When the resistance of the electrolyte is large, the current will produce a large voltage drop through the electrolyte, resulting in the offset of the electrode potential and the reduction of the current.
35.Ohmic internal resistance：欧姆内阻
欧姆内阻是由电极材料、电解液、隔膜电阻及各部分零件的接触电阻组成。
Ohmic internal resistance is composed of electrode material, electrolyte, diaphragm resistance, and contact resistance of various parts.
36.Cathodic polarization：阴极极化
阴极电位偏离平衡电位而向负方向移动的现象。
The movement of a cathode potential away from the equilibrium potential in a negative direction.
37.Anodic polarization：阳极极化
阳极电位偏离平衡电位而向正方向移动的现象。
The positive movement of the anode potential away from the equilibrium potential.
38.Overpotential：过电位
在一定电流密度下，电极电位与平衡电位的差值称为该电流密度下的过电位。
At a certain current density, the difference between the electrode potential and the equilibrium potential is called the overpotential at that current density.
39.Ideal nonpolarized electrode：理想不极化电极
电流通过时，电极电位几乎不变，不出现极化的电极。
When the current passes through, the electrode potential is almost constant, and no polarized electrode appears.
40.Polarization curve：极化曲线
电流密度随电位变化的曲线。
The curve of current density as a function of potential.
41.Polarizability：极化度
极化曲线上某一电流密度下电位的变化率。
The rate of change of a potential at a given current density on a polarization curve.
42.Chemical polarization：化学极化
当前置反应步骤或者后续反应步骤成为控制步骤时引起的极化。
Polarization caused when the preceding or subsequent reaction step becomes the control step.
43.Ion migration rate：离子迁移率
单位电位梯度下离子的运动速率。
The rate at which ions move per unit potential gradient.
44.Ionization：电离
将某些物质中的原子或分子，通过一定形式的能量输入，使其失去部分或全部的电子，从而形成带正电荷或负电荷的离子的过程。
It is the process that a substance lose the electron and envolve into negative or positive ion by absorbing some nenergy.
45.Electromigration：电迁移
电解质溶液中的带电粒子在电场作用下沿着一定的方向移动的现象。
The movement of charged particles in an electrolyte solution in a certain direction under the action of an electric field.
46.Current efficiency：电流效率
指电子流通过某个装置时，在该装置所执行的有用功与所消耗的总能量之间的比率，通常使用百分比来衡量电能转化的效率分量。
The ratio between the useful work accomplished by an electric current passing through a device and the total energy consumed by it. It is a component of electrical energy conversion efficiency, and is typically expressed as a percentage.
47.Adsorption：吸附
固体或液体表面对气体或溶质的吸着现象。
The absorption of a gas or solute on the surface of a solid or liquid.
48.Redox reaction：氧化还原反应
在反应过程中，由于得失电子而引起元素价态变化的一类反应。
Reactions that cause elements' valence change due to the capture/loss of electrons during reaction process.
49.Electrochemical active surface area：电化学活性表面积
电化学活性面积是指电化学电极中可与电解质发生反应的有效表面积。在电化学系统中，电极表面与电解质接触，通过电解质中的离子传递电荷来实现电化学反应。
The electrochemically active area refers to the effective surface area of the electrochemical electrode that can react with the electrolyte. In an electrochemical system, the surface of the electrode is in contact with the electrolyte, and the charge is transferred through the ions in the electrolyte to achieve an electrochemical reaction.
三、电化学反应动力学
50.Battery capacity：电池容量
在一定的条件下，电池能放出的电量。
51.Specific capacity：比容量
单位质量的电池能放出的电量为质量比容量，单位体积电池放出的电量为体积比容量。
The quantity of battery released per unit mass is mass specific capacity, and the quantity of battery released per unit volume is volume specific capacity.
52.Active substance：活性物质
参与电池化学反应并能存储电能的物质。一般指正负极材料或电解液中的化学物质。
The amount of energy released by all active substances participating in the battery reaction.
53.Self-discharge：自放电
电池在静止过程中也会发生电量消耗的现象称为自放电。
Self-discharge is a phenomenon that also occurs when a battery is at rest.
54.Electromotive force：电动势
电动势反应的是电源把其他形式的能量转化成电能的本领的物理量，电动势能使电源两端产生电压。
Electromotive force is a measure of a power source's ability to convert other forms of energy into electricity. Electromotive force causes a voltage to be generated at both ends of the power source.
55.Discharge curves：放电曲线
恒电流下，电压对时间的关系称为放电曲线。
At constant current, the relationship between voltage and time is called discharge curve.
56.electrocatalyst：电催化剂
使化学反应速率和选择性发生变化的电极。
An electrode that changes the rate and selectivity of chemical reactions.
57.Mass activity：质量活性
单位质量催化剂上的得到的电流强度，即电流强度与所用催化剂的质量之比。
The current density obtained on a catalyst per unit mass, which is the ratio of current density to the mass of the catalyst used.
58.Electrocatalytic activity：电催化活性
电催化活性是指电催化材料或电催化剂对电化学反应的促进程度或效率。在电化学过程中，电催化活性是衡量材料或催化剂在电极表面催化电化学反应的能力。
Electrocatalytic activity refers to the degree or efficiency of the electrocatalytic material or electrocatalyst to promote the electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical processes, electrocatalytic activity is a measure of the ability of a material or catalyst to catalyze an electrochemical reaction on the electrode surface.
四、电化学测量方法
59.Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique：
恒电流间歇滴定测试（GITT测试）
恒电流间歇滴定技术，是一种暂态测量方法。GITT测试是一个脉冲-恒电流-弛豫这样一个循环过程。其中脉冲指一个短暂电流经过过程，弛豫指无电流经过的过程。
Galvanostatic batch titration is a transient measurement method. The GITT test is a cyclic process of pulse-galvanostat-relaxation. where pulse refers to a short current passing process, and relaxation refers to the process through which no current passes.
60.Potentiostatic intermittent titration technique：
恒电位间歇滴定测试（PITT测试）
通过瞬时改变电极电位并恒定该电位值，同时记录电流随时间变化的测量方法。
A method of measuring the current over time by changing the electrode potential instantaneously and keeping the potential constant.
61.Direct Current Internal Resistance：直流内阻测试
直流内阻包含电池内的所有阻力：欧姆内阻、界面阻抗、电荷转移阻抗、扩散阻抗等。
Dc internal resistance includes all the resistance in the battery: ohmic internal resistance, interface impedance, charge transfer impedance, diffusion impedance, etc.
62.Chemical component capacity：化成分容
电池制备后第一次充放电的过程就是化成分容，分容是对电池进行充放电，检测分容充满时的放电容量，指对批量生产的电池进行容量区分。
The first charge and discharge process of the battery after preparation is the component capacity. Capacitance separation is the charge and discharge of the battery to detect the discharge capacity when the capacitance is full, which refers to the capacity differentiation of mass-produced batteries.
63.Floating charge test：浮充测试
浮充测试是在充电过程中，将电池电压保持在一个恒定的值上，以模拟实际使用中电池常常处于充电状态的情况。在浮充测试中，电池首先通过充电器进行充电，直到电池电压达到设定的浮充电压。一旦电池达到浮充电压，充电器会自动调整电流，使得电池电压保持在该恒定值上。这种恒定电压充电的过程称为浮充。
Floating charge test is to keep the battery voltage at a constant value during the charging process, so as to simulate the situation that the battery is often in the charging state in actual use.In a float charge test, the battery is first charged through the charger until the battery voltage reaches the set float charge voltage. Once the battery reaches the floating charge voltage, the charger automatically adjusts the current to keep the battery voltage at that constant value. This constant voltage charging process is called floating charging.
64.Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization：HPCC测试
通过对电池施加一系列不同电流和电压脉冲，来测量电池的响应和性能。这些脉冲通常由特定的电流和时间间隔组成，以模拟实际使用中电池所经历的电流和负载变化。
Battery response and performance are measured by applying a series of different current and voltage pulses to the battery. These pulses usually consist of specific currents and time intervals to simulate the current and load variations experienced by the battery in real use.
65.Working condition simulation：模拟工况测试
模拟电动汽车的不同工作状态（加速、减速、刹车），并对电池进行性能测试。
Simulate different working states of electric vehicles (acceleration, deceleration, braking), and perform battery performance test.
66.Pulse testing：脉冲测试
对电池进行脉冲测试是一种评估电池性能和容量的实验方法，通过在电池上施加短暂的脉冲电流来模拟实际使用中的负载变化情况。
Pulse Testing is an experimental method of evaluating the performance and capacity of a battery by applying a brief pulse current to the battery to simulate the load changes in actual use.
67.Cyclic voltammetry：循环伏安法（CV测试）
将三角波形的脉冲电压作用于工作电极和对电极形成的闭合回路，以一定的速率改变工作电极/电解液界面上的电位，迫使工作电极上的活性物质发生氧化/还原反应，从而获得电极上发生电化学反应时的响应电流大小。
The triangle waveform pulse voltage is applied to the closed loop formed by the working electrode and the opposite electrode, and the potential on the working electrode/electrolyte interface is changed at a certain rate to force the active substance on the working electrode to undergo oxidation/reduction reaction, so as to obtain the response current during the electrochemical reaction on the electrode.
68.Alternating current impedance method：交流阻抗法
通过控制电化学系统的电流（或电势）为小幅度正弦交流信号，同时测量相应的系统电势（或电流）随时间的变化，进而分析电化学系统的反应机理等。
By controlling the current (or potential) of the electrochemical system to a small amplitude sinusoidal AC signal, and measuring the corresponding system potential (or current) changes with time, so as to analyze the reaction mechanism of the electrochemical system.
69.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy：电化学阻抗谱（EIS测试）
在某一极化稳态条件下（平衡电势），研究电化学系统的交流阻抗随频率的变化关系。
The variation of AC impedance with frequency in an electrochemical system is studied under a polarization steady-state condition (equilibrium potential).
70.AC voltammctry：交流伏安法
在某一特定频率下，研究交流电流的振幅和相位随直流极化电势的变化关系。
The relationship between amplitude and phase of AC current and DC polarization potential is studied at a certain frequency.
71.Linear sweep voltammetry：线性电势扫描伏安法
线性电势扫描伏安法常用于研究电化学反应和测量电化学系统的电流响应。在线性电势扫描伏安法中，电位（电压）以线性方式随时间变化。在线性电势扫描伏安法中，电流随着电位的变化而记录。
Linear potential sweep voltammetry is often used to study electrochemical reactions and measure the current response of electrochemical systems. In linear potential sweep voltammetry, the potential (voltage) changes in a linear manner with time. In linear potential sweep voltammetry, the current is recorded as the potential changes.
72.Nyquist plot：能奎斯特图
以阻抗的实部为横轴，阻抗的虚部为纵轴绘制的曲线，就叫奈奎斯特图。
A curve drawn with the real part of the impedance as the horizontal axis and the imaginary part of the impedance as the vertical axis is called a Nyquist diagram.
73.Bode plot：阻抗波特图
图中一条曲线描述阻抗的模随频率的变化关系图，称为Bode模图；另一条曲线是描述阻抗的相位角随频率的变化关系，称为Bode相图。只有两图同时输出，才能完整描述阻抗特征。
A curve in the figure describes the impedance mode with frequency, called Bode mode diagram; The other curve, which describes the phase Angle of impedance as a function of frequency, is called the Bode phase diagram. Impedance characteristics can be fully described only when the two diagrams are output simultaneously.
74.Equivalent circuit：等效电路
用”电化学元件“构成的电路，测得的阻抗和实际电化学阻抗谱图一样时，则这个电路就是该电化学体系的等效电路。
When the measured impedance of a circuit composed of an "electrochemical element" is the same as the actual electrochemical impedance spectrum, the circuit is the equivalent circuit of the electrochemical system.
75.Salt Bridge：盐桥
在原电池试验中，为减小液接电位，一般在两溶液间连接一个高浓度的电解质溶液作为”盐桥“。
In galvanic cell test, a high-concentration electrolyte solution is generally connected between two solutions as a "salt bridge" in order to reduce the liquid connection potential.
76.Current density：电流密度
电流密度是矢量，其方向是电流的方向，大小是单位截面面积的电流。
The current density is a vector whose direction is the direction of the current and whose magnitude is the current per unit section area.
77.Tafel equation：塔菲尔公式
是描述电化学反应速率与电极电位之间关系的一个重要方程。塔菲尔公式给出了电化学反应速率（通常是电流密度）与电极电位之间的线性关系。它的一般形式如下：j = b * exp(a * η)在这个公式中，j表示电流密度，η表示电极过电势（即电极电位与电化学反应的标准电位之差），a和b是与具体反应相关的常数。
The Tafel equation is an important equation that describes the relationship between the rate of an electrochemical reaction and the electrode potential. It provides a linear relationship between the reaction rate (often represented by current density) and the electrode potential. The general form of the Tafel equation is given as: j = b * exp(a * η).In this equation, j represents the current density, η represents the electrode overpotential (the difference between the electrode potential and the standard potential of the electrochemical reaction), and a and b are constants associated with the specific reaction.
78.Exchange current density：交换电流密度
交换电流密度是指在电化学反应中，阳极和阴极之间的电子转移速率相等时的电流密度。它表示了在没有电势驱动的情况下，反应物和产物之间的电子转移速率。
The exchange current density refers to the current density in an electrochemical reaction when the rates of electron transfer between the anode and cathode are equal. It represents the electron transfer rate between reactants and products in the absence of a potential driving force.
电池类型及相关材料
79.Lithium ion Batteries(LIBs)：锂离子电池
锂离子电池是一种二次电池（充电电池），是通过锂离子在正极和负极之间脱嵌来工作的。
Lithium-ion batteries are a type of secondary battery (rechargeable battery) that operates by removing lithium ions from the positive and negative electrodes.
80.Sodium ion Batteries (SIBs)：钠离子电池
钠离子电池遵循脱嵌式的工作原理，通过钠离子在正极和负极之间脱嵌来工作的。充电时，钠离子从正极脱出，经过电解质存储在负极，放电时则相反。
Sodium-ion batteries follow the principle of de intercalation, which operates by de intercalating lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
81.Zinc-ion Battery (ZIBs)：锌离子电池
锌离子电池是是通过锌离子在正极和负极之间脱嵌来工作的。
Zinc-ion batteries work by removing zinc ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
82.K-Ion Batteries (KIBs)：钾离子电池
钾离子电池是通过钾离子在正极和负极之间的脱出和嵌入来工作的。
Potassium-ion batteries work by the detachment and embedding of potassium ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
83.Lithium-sulfur Battery(Li-S)：锂硫电池
是锂电池的一种，一般以硫作为正极，金属锂为负极。
It is a kind of lithium battery, generally using sulfur as a positive electrode and lithium metal as a negative electrode.
84.Alkaline Batteries：碱性电池(碱性干电池或碱性锌锰干电池)
以二氧化锰为正极，以锌为负极，具有导电性能较好的氢氧化钾的碱性电解液，全名为“碱性锌锰电池”，简称“碱性电池”。
The alkaline electrolyte with manganese dioxide as the positive electrode and zinc as the negative electrode has good conductivity of potassium hydroxide, the full name is "alkaline zinc-manganese battery", referred to as "alkaline battery".
85.Fuel Cells：燃料电池
A fuel cell is a chemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel directly into electricity.
燃料电池是指能够把燃料的化学能直接转换成电能的化学装置。
86.Solar Cells：太阳能电池
通过光电效应或光化学效应直接把光能转化成电能的装置。
A device that directly converts light energy into electrical energy through photoelectric effect or photochemical effect.
87.Coin Cells：纽扣电池
外形像小纽扣的电池，是电池按外形分类的一种。直径较大，壳体较薄。
Batteries shaped like small buttons are classified by appearance. The diameter is larger and the shell is thinner.
88.Pouch Cells：软包电池
A flexible packaging battery that can be customized to shape and size.
一种柔性包装的电池，可以根据形状和大小定制。
89.Cylindrical Cells：圆柱电池
一种圆柱形状的电池，是电池按外形分类的一种。
A cylindrical shape of the battery, which is a kind of battery classified by shape.
90.Square Cells：方形电池
一种长方体形状的电池，是电池按外形分类的一种。
The utility model relates to a cuboid shaped battery, which is a battery classified by shape.
91.Battery module：电池模组
将多个电芯通过导线进行串并联连接，并被同一个外壳框架封装在一起形成的电池电源。
Multiple cells are connected in series and parallel through wires and packaged together by the same housing frame to form a battery power supply.
92.Battery pack：电池包
多个模组被BMS和热管理系统共同控制或管理起来后形成的系统。
A system formed after multiple modules are jointly controlled or managed by BMS and thermal management systems.
93.Batteries：电芯
电池内部的核心部分，一般由正极、负极和电解质组成。它时电池存储电荷和释放电荷的部分。
The core part of the battery is generally composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte. It is the part of the battery that stores charge and releases charge.
电池相关材料
94.Lithium iron phosphate（LiFePO4/LFP)：磷酸铁锂
一种锂离子电池正极材料。具有能量密度高、安全性好、寿命长等优点，但是堆积密度和体积比容量较低。
A cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. It has advantages such as high energy density, good safety, and long service life, but has lower stacking density and volume specific capacity.
95.Lithium cobalt oxides (LiCoO2)：钴酸锂
一种无机化合物，锂离子电池正极材料的一种，具有工作电压高、放电平稳、比能量高、循环性能好等优点。
An inorganic compound, a kind of cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, has the advantages of high working voltage, stable discharge, high specific energy and good cycle performance.
96.Lithium vanadium phosphate (Li3V2(PO4)3)：磷酸钒锂
一种无机化合物，锂离子电池正极材料的一种。通常为单斜结晶。
An inorganic compound, a kind of cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. Usually monoclinic crystallization.
97.Lithium nicocobalmanganate (LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2) ：
镍钴锰酸锂
锂离子电池的关键三元正极材料，拥有比单元正极更高的比容量和更低的成本。
The key ternary cathode material for lithium-ion batteries has a higher specific capacity and lower cost than the unit cathode.
98.Lithium manganate (LiMn2O4)：锰酸锂
一种无机化合物，锂离子电池正极材料的一种。通常为尖晶石相，黑色粉末，易溶于水。
An inorganic compound, a kind of cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. Usually spinel phase, black powder, soluble in water.
99.Lithium nickelmanganate (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4)：镍锰酸锂
一种无机化合物，锂离子电池正极材料的一种。是在锰酸锂的基础上发展起来的，但是电压平台更高，高温下的循环稳定性也更好。
An inorganic compound, a kind of cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. It is developed on the basis of lithium manganate, but the voltage platform is higher and the cycle stability at high temperature is better.
100.Hard carbon：硬碳
硬碳是指难石墨化碳，是高分子聚合物的热解碳。
Hard carbon refers to difficult-to-graphitize carbon, which is pyrolytic carbon of polymers.
101.Soft carbon：软碳
软碳即易石墨化碳，是指能在2500℃以上的高温条件下石墨化的无定形碳。
Soft carbon is easy graphitized carbon, which refers to amorphous carbon that can be graphitized under high temperature conditions above 2500 °C.
102.Graphite：石墨
石墨是碳的一种同素异形体，外形为灰黑色固体，有金属光泽、能导电传热。化学性质稳定、耐腐蚀。
Graphite is a allotropy of carbon. It is a gray black solid with metallic luster and can conduct heat. Stable chemical properties and corrosion resistance.
103.Carbon fiber：碳纤维
含碳量在90%以上的高强度的高模量纤维，具有耐高温、抗摩擦、导热及耐腐蚀等特点。外形呈纤维状，质地柔软。
High-strength high-modulus fibers with a carbon content of more than 90% have the characteristics of high temperature resistance, friction resistance, heat conductivity and corrosion resistance. The shape is fibrous and the texture is soft.
104.Carbon nano tube：碳纳米管
一种新型碳晶体材料，直径在几纳米至几十纳米，长度为几十纳米至几十微米的中空管。
A new type of carbon crystal material, hollow tube with a diameter of a few nanometers to tens of nanometers and a length of tens of nanometers to tens of microns.
105.Copper foil：铜箔
在锂离子电池中既是负极活性物质的载体，也是负极电子的收集者和传导体。主要作用是将电池活性物质产生的电流汇集起来，以产生更大的电流。
In lithium ion battery, it is not only the carrier of negative active substances, but also the collector and conductor of negative electrons. The main function is to pool the current generated by the active battery substances to produce more current
106.Aluminum foil：铝箔
用作锂离子电池正极材料研究的集流体。
It is used as a current collector for the research of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
107.Zinc foil：锌箔
用作锌离子电池负极材料。
It is used as anode material for zinc ion battery.
108.Battery tab：极耳
软包电池的组件之一，极耳是从电芯中间将正负极印出来的金属导电体，就是电池充放电时正负极的接触点。
One of the components of the pouch battery, the lug is the metal conductor that prints the positive and negative poles from the middle of the battery cell, which is the contact point of the positive and negative poles when the battery is charged and discharged.
